AI-generated art cannot be copyrighted, rules a US Federal Judge::United States District Court Judge Beryl A. Howell found that AI-generated artwork can’t be copyrighted, putting to rest a lawsuit against the US Copyright Office over its refusal to copyright an AI-generated image.
Just thinking out loud: how would this impact AI-generated videos, or stuff like AI-generated actors and AI-written scripts? Does this suggest that stuff made by AI would, by default, belong to the public domain? If true, that could do quite a bit in forcing the movie studios to get off their asses and bring them back to the negotiating table with the actors and writers.
The ruling says the AI itself can’t hold a copyright, but humans using them can still be copyright holders of any qualifying works.
So we’ll hear this case been wrongly cited forever. AI art is often human guided and sometimes involve editing and adjusting. Rarely ever I get something good the first prompt. But I bet people will say lol no copyright.
Eh I think it would have been worse if this guy won. To my knowledge he was trying to get the AI to be considered the author and then himself to be the owner of the copyright via the “work for hire” clause. As I understand it that would have been catastrophic. It would have likely meant that anything users prompt from these generators would automatically be the copyright of the people running the AI.
The process you describe could likely still be protected under this ruling since there’s human involvement in the selection of output to use and the altering of it afterward to fit whatever creative vision the person had. If this had won a person doing that it seems would at best be making a derivative work and still not be able to protect it.
Please correct me if I am misunderstanding something here, then: Doesn’t the ruling here state that the human using the AI tried to apply for a copyright listing himself as the copyright holder and the AI as the author that worked on a commission for him, which is what was denied? Or are you saying that the reason it was denied is because he listed the AI as the author?
Here’s the relevant part from a different article:
Thaler, who listed himself as the owner of the copyright under the work-for-hire doctrine, sued in a lawsuit contesting the denial and the office’s human authorship requirement. He argued that AI should be acknowledged “as an author where it otherwise meets authorship criteria,” with any ownership vesting in the machine’s owner. His complaint argued that the office’s refusal was “arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion and not in accordance with the law” in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act, which provides for judicial review of agency actions. The question presented in the suit was whether a work generated solely by a computer falls under the protection of copyright law.
Got it, thanks!
Without human authorship you cannot have a copyright. If something has no copyright protection, it is public domain.
However, the public domain is not viral. A work made with public domain elements can itself be copyrighted. However the copyright will only protect the creative expression added to the public domain work. Everyone else is free to make their own works from the public domain elements.
But…
Holders of public domain works are NOT obligated to publish or make available public domain works in their possession.
So if you use AI generation as part of your process you still have a valid copyright. Unless the audience can extract the unprotectable elements from your final product, you have the same copyright protection as a fully human produced work.
This ruling only applies to fully AI produced works. Using AI to modify a human performance to look or sound like someone else, still copyrightable. Human filming from an AI script, still copyrightable except for the script itself.
If AI makes the final output is where there’s trouble. AI’s aren’t human, their expression isn’t copyrightable. The prompt you give the AI is most likely factual rather than creative, which would make that uncopyrightable as well.
Copyright protects humans’ creative expression, and nothing else.
This was a great summary, hope more people read this.
I pray it means that Disney is screwed on their plans to make their productions fully autonomous and fire their writers, animators, other artists, line producers, … I could go on, but you get the idea.
I don’t need confirmation that they are working towards that goal, it is the inevitability of their existence and greed. All profit, no overhead.
My god…is this an island of reasonable thought in a sea of insanity? Good precedent to set, otherwise every moron would copyright every image they made
That’s what we were doing before Ai lol
I hope all AI generated everything can’t be protected.
Nah, fuck that. Writing aides and stuff work wonders to break me out of bad habits and writer’s block. I’m 200 pages into a thing because the LLM I use is like a buddy who takes your writing and goes, “yeah, and–!” And keeps you going. It’s my content in my style based on my writing, idiosyncrasies, and colloquialisms. It’s augmented by an LLM.
This is how it should be. A tool to help people be more productive and effective at their jobs.
So, no change then. This is as it has always been. You can take AI elements chop them up, recombine them, and have copyright over the result, but you can’t say “Show me a picture of waffles” in your prompt and expect the resulting waffles to be copyrightable.
In this case, couldn’t an artist simply not disclose that they used AI for things like script writing or character creation? It would be on the public to figure it out, wouldn’t it? It’s not necessary to prove that you didn’t use AI in creating the works, is it?
How does this work for using ai generated art as part of larger projects e.g. games development? Is the game still copy rightable? Are parts of it protected but others not?
The ai generated portion does not have copy right protection. This also applies within an image. So for instance in an ai generated building image with a human created character in front. People couldn’t copy the character but could use the background.
How will the copyright office know what’s ai generated and what’s not
They’ll have to find the tools that will help them detect AI works. However, the current standard they’ve set is that once they learn its AI generated the work is no longer protected under copyright law.
AI generated portions of things would have copyright per the article. Only wholly-AI-created content is non-copyrightable per this ruling.
Also, is there even any need to tell people that parts aren’t copyrighted? That’d be pretty tedious to do (“texture on model pot_interior_clay_2_cracked is not copyrighted”). But if a game has a mix of copyrighted and non copyrighted media, that basically means nobody can use the non copyrighted parts because they simply can’t identify which parts those are.
I suspect there’s no need to tell people. After all, mixed media is already a thing. I can make a copyrighted video, for example, in which I quote some Shakespeare. The Shakespeare quote isn’t copyrighted, but the rest is. I’ve never seen any kind of copyright notice mention this.
So the net result might not be any different. Just if you steal assets from something, they might have a harder time identifying if they have a case of copyright infringement. Only if something was entirely AI generated would things likely change much. Though there’s also some weird edge cases. Like what if a human makes a 3D model but an AI textures it. 3D models are basically never used without their texture. So what’s the copyright implications of using videos of this textured model? Perhaps something for a very expensive legal case to figure out?
Well this is going to the Supreme Court I guess.
ai and copyright can both suck my balls
A ball sucking AI would truly change the world
Beryl Howell was #2 behind Chutkan in the “take no shit about J6” sweepstakes, so I have a soft spot for her.
I largely agree with her decision, but I feel like it’s kind of screwing over all the actual human artists whose work was stolen and incorporated into their models without permission or payment.
I hope somebody whose art was released under the GPL can prove it was used in Stable Diffusion or ChatGPT and sues the fuck out of them.
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This will get reversed eventually.
Good luck with that constitutional amendment. Those don’t happen anymore.
