Currently, hydrogen production requires more energy to produce the equivalent amount of hydrogen.
Which is why it should not be produced on a fossil fuel based grid, but is perfect for stored portable energy on renewable grids. For example, converting excess wind and solar power to hydrogen fuel.
It sounds like Estonia is on the right track, and intending to leverage their access to water and other renewables to generate “green” hydrogen. This sounds great, I hope they can pull it off.
No, because the barrier to entry for car manufacturing is significant.
If the other major car manufacturers weren’t already working a similar advertising system/platform, they’ve already scheduled multiple meetings to catch up.
This isn’t a problem that will be solved by the market and competition, only by regulation.
And I don’t consider tech savvy users learning how to hack and disable these features as a resolution, it’s just mitigation.