Hello fellow Linux Lemmings!
I’ve been tasked with putting together a 20 hour class for “Introduction to Linux” and I’d like to solicit your opinions for topics that should be covered.
The class is targeted for at least minimally technical people - maybe developers, or future developers, but regardless of background they’ve never seen or worked with Linux before.
I plan to do a VERY short overview of installing Linux (to a VM - so they have a “real” environment to learn with) and the GUI but the primary focus will be CLI. Imagine tools and tasks you come across while working on a “real” server (or VM).
A high level overview of the topics I currently have allocated is :
- Super brief history of Linux
- Benefits and use cases of Linux
- General overview of the file system and the purposes of the pre-defined directories (
/dev, /proc, /etc, /home, /bin
, etc) - “Everything is a file”
- File extensions don’t matter (windows users : )
- Note on responsibility - you can delete “in use” files. It will do exactly what you tell it with sometimes minimal guardrails.
- Everything from here down is CLI only!
- What is a terminal/CLI and how do we use it?
- How do we navigate the file system using the CLI
- How to list, create, copy, move, delete, and read files/directories
- EDIT: Basic file editing with
nano
- How to search for files (
find
… maybelocate
) - Archives and compression (
tar, gzip, bzip2
) - Overview of permissions (read/write/execute, owner, group,
chmod
,chown
) - Brief overview of different shells (
bash, zsh
, etc) - How to get help on the CLI (
man, info, --help
) - Tab completion,
history
- Shortcuts / control codes (
ctrl+c, ctrl+d, ctrl+a, ctrl+e
, and coverage ofctrl+z
later) grep
- Checking processes (
top, ps, kill
) - Signals (
sigterm, sigkill
, etc - related to kill above) - Backgrounding and multitasking (
ctrl+z, fg, bg, jobs, nohup, &
) - Linking (
ln
) STDIN, STDERR, STDOUT
and redirection- Redirection (
>, >>, <
) - Command pipes (
|
) - How to access a remote machine via SSH with UN/PW
- How to access a remote machine via SSH with key auth (think cloud VMs like EC2)
- Administrative commands and tasks (
su
,sudo
, how it works, when to use it) - Add users and groups
- How to change your
passwd
(maybe how to change your default shell too) - Restart, shutdown, halt
- How to install/remove software (package managers, packages, pre-compiled binaries, maybe compilation with
make
if time allows) - Configuring your profile for customizing your environment
- ENV variables and
alias
es - Network information (
ifconfig
) and tools (curl, wget, netcat
, etc)
Everything from here down is “extra” if time allows (AKA - ensuring I don’t run out of material :)
- Encryption (
gpg
- symmetric and asymmetric) - Backups (
rsync
, maybedd
) screen
/tmux
- How to setup key based logins/auth
- EDIT: More advanced CLI text editing with
vim
sysreq
commandssrm
/shred
- Shell scripting basics
init
vssystemd
, how to start/stop/status services.- Maybe how to create a simple service
- Run levels
sed
,awk
basics- File system types, file system checking, formatting… I hesitate to get into partitioning but it’s always an option if I need it.
- Alternatives to well known win/mac utilities and how to find them. EG: GIMP to replace Photoshop.
What do you think?
Did I miss anything that you deem super important?
Anything that I should definitely keep in the “only if I run out of material” category?
O, and if you have any good ideas for practical exercises I’d love to hear those too. I want to keep them <15min but things like “create a new directory, cd into it, touch a file, list the contents of /
and write the output into the file you just created” are perfect.
Thanks!
I would consider teaching them about a CLI shell, like Fish or ZSH (through oh my zsh), whilst they’re not usually going to have the luxury of a nice shell on a remote server but they will if they’re on a desktop. A good shell makes the CLI soooooo much easier, and faster, to use. Work smarter not harder, install a shell other than bash.
I would also HIGHLY consider teaching them about desktop app software development on Linux, there’s a surprising number of developers who don’t know about the different ways you can distribute software on Linux:
Teaching them about this is definitely a must imho, there are so many OSS projects out there that insist on distributing their software via native system packages (without supporting most distros). They’re also likely to run into it even if they’re just in IT, the server market uses Snaps quite a bit.
I’ve been using bash forever maybe I should try zsh
I highly recommend it, I’ve been using OMZ for almost a year now, it’s super nice and I have no performance issues.