There needs to be political will behind it to break the global market dominance. China for example could decouple and build their own system. They have the technological and economic base to do it well. They are only likely to do it due to a major political crisis or change.
Other than that, it’s just very hard to compete with these established complex ecosystems.
It would be awesome if Apple and Google’s fuckery led to a strong third option but I don’t see it happening in the next five years.
There needs to be political will behind it to break the global market dominance. China for example could decouple and build their own system. They have the technological and economic base to do it well. They are only likely to do it due to a major political crisis or change.
Other than that, it’s just very hard to compete with these established complex ecosystems.